What happens if an athlete refuses to cooperate?

ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS AND SANCTIONS

The World Anti-Doping Code defines doping as the occurrence of one or more of the Anti-Doping Rule Violations outlined in the Code. Currently, there are eleven (11) Anti-Doping Rule Violations.

The following constitutes an Anti-Doping Rule Violation: 

1.          Presence of a prohibited substance (or its metabolites or markers) in an athlete’s sample. 

2.          Use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or prohibited method. 

3.          Evading, refusing, or failing to submit to sample collection.

4.          Whereabouts failures (Any combination of three ‘Filing Failures’ and/or ‘Missed Tests’ in a 12-month period). 

5.          Tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control. 

6.          Possession of prohibited substance or prohibited method.

7.          Trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method. 

8.          Administration or attempted administration to an athlete of any prohibited substance or prohibited method. 

9.          Complicity or attempted complicity. 

10.     Prohibited Association. 

11.     Acts by an athlete or other person to discourage or retaliate against reporting to authorities.